tkinter
Tkinter是Python的标准库，用于创建图形用户界面（GUI）。有一些第三方库的主题可以很方便的美化默认样式。
仅使用标准库，Tkinter也可以添加很多好看的样式。
图书馆系统
描述
创建一个图书馆系统，要求如下：
- 有两个类：用户类和图书类
- 用户类有属性：姓名、年龄、性别、借书数量、借书列表
- 图书类有属性：书名、作者、出版社、价格、状态（是否被借出）
- 用户类有方法：借书、还书
- 图书类有方法：借出、归还
- 用户类和图书类的方法中，需要对用户的借书数量和图书的状态进行判断
- 用户类和图书类的方法中，需要对用户的借书列表和图书的状态进行修改
- 用户类和图书类的方法中，需要打印出用户的借书列表和图书的状态
- 使用图形化界面工具，如tkinter
题解
from __future__ import annotations
import os
import sqlite3
from dataclasses import dataclass
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox
# ── Configuration ──────────── ────────────────────────────────────────
DB_DIR = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "StrayLibrary")
DB_PATH = os.path.join(DB_DIR, "book.db")
# ── Theme Tokens ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
class C:
BG = "#f0f2f5"
CARD = "#ffffff"
SIDEBAR = "#1e293b"
SB_HV = "#334155"
SB_ACT = "#6366f1"
PRIMARY = "#6366f1"
PRIMARY_HV = "#4f46e5"
WHITE = "#ffffff"
SUCCESS = "#10b981"
SUCCESS_LT = "#d1fae5"
WARNING = "#f59e0b"
WARNING_LT = "#fef3c7"
DANGER = "#ef4444"
DANGER_LT = "#fee2e2"
TEXT = "#1e293b"
TEXT2 = "#64748b"
TEXT3 = "#94a3b8"
BORDER = "#e2e8f0"
SB_FG = "#94a3b8"
SB_FG_ACT = "#ffffff"
ROW_ALT = "#f8fafc"
def F(size: int = 10, bold: bool = False) -> tuple:
return ("Segoe UI", size, "bold" if bold else "normal")
# ── Data Models ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@dataclass
class Book:
id: int
title: str
author: str
comment: str
state: str
added_at: str = ""
@dataclass
class LogEntry:
id: int
book_title: str
action: str
timestamp: str
# ── Database ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
class Database:
def __init__(self, path: str = DB_PATH) -> None:
self.path = path
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path), exist_ok=True)
self._init_schema()
def _conn(self) -> sqlite3.Connection:
return sqlite3.connect(self.path)
def _init_schema(self) -> None:
with self._conn() as c:
c.execute(
"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS books ("
" id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,"
" title TEXT NOT NULL, author TEXT NOT NULL,"
" comment TEXT NOT NULL,"
" state TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '未借出',"
" added_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now','localtime'))"
")"
)
cols = {r[1] for r in c.execute("PRAGMA table_info(books)").fetchall()}
if "added_at" not in cols:
c.execute("ALTER TABLE books ADD COLUMN added_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''")
c.execute(
"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS history ("
" id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,"
" book_title TEXT NOT NULL, action TEXT NOT NULL,"
" timestamp TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now','localtime'))"
")"
)
if c.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM books").fetchone()[0] == 0:
self._seed(c)
def _seed(self, c: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
rows = [
("惶然录", "费尔南多·佩索阿",
"一个迷失方向且濒于崩溃的灵魂的自我启示，一首对默默无闻、失败、智慧、困难和沉默的赞美诗。",
"未借出"),
("以箭为翅", "简媜",
"调和空灵文风与禅宗境界，刻画人间之缘起缘灭。像一条柔韧的绳子，情这个字，不知勒痛多少人的心肉。",
"未借出"),
("心是孤独的猎手", "卡森·麦卡勒斯",
"我们渴望倾诉，却从未倾听。女孩、黑人、哑巴、醉鬼、鳏夫的孤独形态各异，却从未退场。",
"已借出"),
("百年孤独", "加西亚·马尔克斯",
"魔幻现实主义的代表作。描写布恩迪亚家族七代人的传奇故事，以及小镇马孔多的百年兴衰。",
"未借出"),
("小王子", "圣-埃克苏佩里",
"所有的大人都曾经是小孩，虽然只有少数人记得。献给每一个曾经是孩子的大人。",
"已借出"),
]
c.executemany(
"INSERT INTO books(title,author,comment,state) VALUES(?,?,?,?)", rows
)
c.executemany(
"INSERT INTO history(book_title,action) VALUES(?,'新书入馆')",
[(r[0],) for r in rows],
)
def all_books(self) -> list[Book]:
with self._conn() as c:
return [Book(*r) for r in c.execute(
"SELECT id,title,author,comment,state,added_at FROM books ORDER BY id"
).fetchall()]
def search_books(self, kw: str) -> list[Book]:
with self._conn() as c:
return [Book(*r) for r in c.execute(
"SELECT id,title,author,comment,state,added_at FROM books "
"WHERE title LIKE ? OR author LIKE ? ORDER BY id",
(f"%{kw}%", f"%{kw}%"),
).fetchall()]
def add_book(self, title: str, author: str, comment: str) -> None:
with self._conn() as c:
c.execute(
"INSERT INTO books(title,author,comment) VALUES(?,?,?)",
(title, author, comment),
)
c.execute(
"INSERT INTO history(book_title,action) VALUES(?,'新书入馆')",
(title,),
)
def update_book(self, bid: int, title: str, author: str, comment: str) -> None:
with self._conn() as c:
c.execute(
"UPDATE books SET title=?,author=?,comment=? WHERE id=?",
(title, author, comment, bid),
)
def delete_book(self, bid: int) -> None:
with self._conn() as c:
row = c.execute("SELECT title FROM books WHERE id=?", (bid,)).fetchone()
if row:
c.execute("DELETE FROM books WHERE id=?", (bid,))
c.execute(
"INSERT INTO history(book_title,action) VALUES(?,'移除出馆')",
(row[0],),
)
def set_state(self, bid: int, new: str) -> None:
with self._conn() as c:
row = c.execute("SELECT title FROM books WHERE id=?", (bid,)).fetchone()
if row:
c.execute("UPDATE books SET state=? WHERE id=?", (new, bid))
act = "借出" if new == "已借出" else "归还"
c.execute(
"INSERT INTO history(book_title,action) VALUES(?,?)",
(row[0], act),
)
def history(self, limit: int = 50) -> list[LogEntry]:
with self._conn() as c:
return [LogEntry(*r) for r in c.execute(
"SELECT id,book_title,action,timestamp "
"FROM history ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT ?",
(limit,),
).fetchall()]
def stats(self) -> dict[str, int]:
with self._conn() as c:
t = c.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM books").fetchone()[0]
b = c.execute(
"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM books WHERE state='已借出'"
).fetchone()[0]
return {"total": t, "available": t - b, "borrowed": b}
# ── Canvas Helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
def _rrect(cv: tk.Canvas, x1, y1, x2, y2, r=10, **kw):
"""Draw a rounded rectangle on *cv* using a smooth polygon."""
pts = [
x1+r, y1, x1+r, y1, x2-r, y1, x2-r, y1,
x2, y1, x2, y1+r, x2, y1+r, x2, y2-r,
x2, y2-r, x2, y2, x2-r, y2, x2-r, y2,
x1+r, y2, x1+r, y2, x1, y2, x1, y2-r,
x1, y2-r, x1, y1+r, x1, y1+r, x1, y1,
]
return cv.create_polygon(pts, smooth=True, **kw)
# ── Toast Notification ───────────────────────────────────────────────
class Toast:
_COLORS = {
"info": (C.PRIMARY, C.WHITE),
"success": (C.SUCCESS, C.WHITE),
"warning": (C.WARNING, C.WHITE),
"error": (C.DANGER, C.WHITE),
}
def __init__(self, parent: tk.Widget) -> None:
self._p = parent
self._lbl = tk.Label(parent, font=F(10), padx=20, pady=8)
self._job: str | None = None
def show(self, msg: str, kind: str = "info") -> None:
bg, fg = self._COLORS.get(kind, self._COLORS["info"])
self._lbl.configure(text=msg, bg=bg, fg=fg)
self._lbl.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.96, anchor="s")
self._lbl.lift()
if self._job:
self._p.after_cancel(self._job)
self._job = self._p.after(2800, lambda: self._lbl.place_forget())
# ── Sidebar ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
class _SidebarItem(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, icon: str, text: str, cmd) -> None:
super().__init__(parent, bg=C.SIDEBAR, cursor="hand2")
self._cmd = cmd
self._active = False
self._icon = tk.Label(
self, text=icon, bg=C.SIDEBAR, fg=C.SB_FG, font=F(13),
)
self._text = tk.Label(
self, text=text, bg=C.SIDEBAR, fg=C.SB_FG, font=F(10),
)
self._icon.pack(side="left", padx=(20, 10), pady=11)
self._text.pack(side="left", pady=11, padx=(0, 20))
for w in (self, self._icon, self._text):
w.bind("<Enter>", self._enter)
w.bind("<Leave>", self._leave)
w.bind("<Button-1>", lambda e: self._cmd())
def _enter(self, _):
if not self._active:
self._bg(C.SB_HV)
def _leave(self, _):
if not self._active:
self._bg(C.SIDEBAR)
def _bg(self, c):
for w in (self, self._icon, self._text):
w.configure(bg=c)
def set_active(self, v: bool):
self._active = v
self._bg(C.SB_ACT if v else C.SIDEBAR)
fg = C.SB_FG_ACT if v else C.SB_FG
self._icon.configure(fg=fg)
self._text.configure(fg=fg)
class Sidebar(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, on_nav) -> None:
super().__init__(parent, bg=C.SIDEBAR, width=200)
self.pack_propagate(False)
tk.Label(
self, text="\u2003流浪图书馆", bg=C.SIDEBAR, fg=C.WHITE,
font=F(13, bold=True),
).pack(pady=(28, 24), padx=16, anchor="w")
tk.Frame(self, bg=C.SB_HV, height=1).pack(fill="x", padx=16, pady=(0, 12))
self.items: dict[str, _SidebarItem] = {}
for key, icon, label in [
("dashboard", "\u25c9", "\u2003仪表盘"),
("library", "\u25eb", "\u2003图书馆"),
("history", "\u2630", "\u2003借阅记录"),
]:
it = _SidebarItem(self, icon, label, lambda k=key: on_nav(k))
it.pack(fill="x")
self.items[key] = it
tk.Frame(self, bg=C.SIDEBAR).pack(fill="both", expand=True)
tk.Frame(self, bg=C.SB_HV, height=1).pack(fill="x", padx=16, pady=(0, 8))
tk.Label(
self, text="v2.0 · 仅用标准库构建",
bg=C.SIDEBAR, fg=C.TEXT3, font=F(8),
).pack(pady=(0, 16))
def set_active(self, key: str):
for k, it in self.items.items():
it.set_active(k == key)
# ── Stat Card (Canvas) ──────────────────────────────────────────────
class StatCard(tk.Canvas):
def __init__(self, parent, accent: str, value: int,
label: str, icon: str) -> None:
super().__init__(parent, width=190, height=88,
bg=C.BG, highlightthickness=0)
self._accent = accent
self._label = label
self._icon = icon
self._job: str | None = None
self._draw_bg()
self._set_num(value)
def _draw_bg(self):
w, h, r = 190, 88, 12
_rrect(self, 0, 0, w, h, r, fill=C.CARD, outline=C.BORDER)
self.create_rectangle(
0, r, 4, h - r, fill=self._accent, outline=self._accent,
)
self.create_text(
28, 30, text=self._icon, font=F(18),
fill=self._accent, anchor="w",
)
self.create_text(
174, 62, text=self._label, font=F(10),
fill=C.TEXT2, anchor="e",
)
def _set_num(self, v: int):
self.delete("num")
self.create_text(
28, 62, text=str(v), font=F(22, True),
fill=C.TEXT, anchor="w", tags="num",
)
def set_value(self, target: int):
if self._job:
self.after_cancel(self._job)
self.delete("all")
self._draw_bg()
self._anim(target, 0)
def _anim(self, target: int, cur: int):
self._set_num(cur)
if cur < target:
nxt = min(cur + max(1, (target - cur + 2) // 3), target)
self._job = self.after(30, self._anim, target, nxt)
else:
self._job = None
# ── Dashboard View ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
class DashboardView(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, db: Database, app: "StrayLibrary") -> None:
super().__init__(parent, bg=C.BG)
self.db = db
self.app = app
self._build()
def _build(self):
hdr = tk.Frame(self, bg=C.BG)
hdr.pack(fill="x", padx=28, pady=(28, 0))
tk.Label(
hdr, text="仪表盘", bg=C.BG, fg=C.TEXT, font=F(18, bold=True),
).pack(side="left")
tk.Label(
hdr, text="书籍是流浪的灵魂栖息之所",
bg=C.BG, fg=C.TEXT2, font=F(10),
).pack(side="left", padx=(12, 0), pady=(6, 0))
cf = tk.Frame(self, bg=C.BG)
cf.pack(fill="x", padx=28, pady=(20, 0))
s = self.db.stats()
self._c_total = StatCard(cf, C.PRIMARY, s["total"], "馆藏总数", "\u25a6")
self._c_avail = StatCard(cf, C.SUCCESS, s["available"], "可借阅", "\u2713")
self._c_borr = StatCard(cf, C.WARNING, s["borrowed"], "借出中", "\u2197")
for card in (self._c_total, self._c_avail, self._c_borr):
card.pack(side="left", padx=(0, 16))
mid = tk.Frame(self, bg=C.BG)
mid.pack(fill="both", expand=True, padx=28, pady=(20, 28))
ch_card = tk.Frame(
mid, bg=C.CARD,
highlightbackground=C.BORDER, highlightthickness=1,
)
ch_card.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True, padx=(0, 10))
tk.Label(
ch_card, text="馆藏概览", bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT, font=F(11, bold=True),
).pack(anchor="w", padx=16, pady=(12, 4))
self._chart = tk.Canvas(
ch_card, bg=C.CARD, highlightthickness=0, height=180,
)
self._chart.pack(fill="both", expand=True, padx=16, pady=(0, 16))
self._chart.bind("<Configure>", lambda _: self._draw_chart())
act_card = tk.Frame(
mid, bg=C.CARD,
highlightbackground=C.BORDER, highlightthickness=1,
)
act_card.pack(side="right", fill="both", expand=True, padx=(10, 0))
tk.Label(
act_card, text="最近动态", bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT, font=F(11, bold=True),
).pack(anchor="w", padx=16, pady=(12, 4))
self._act_frame = tk.Frame(act_card, bg=C.CARD)
self._act_frame.pack(fill="both", expand=True, padx=16, pady=(0, 16))
def _draw_chart(self):
cv = self._chart
cv.delete("all")
s = self.db.stats()
w, h = cv.winfo_width(), cv.winfo_height()
if w < 50 or h < 50:
return
bars = [
("馆藏总数", s["total"], C.PRIMARY),
("可借阅", s["available"], C.SUCCESS),
("借出中", s["borrowed"], C.WARNING),
]
mx = max((v for _, v, _ in bars), default=0) or 1
bh, gap, sy, lw, rp = 30, 18, 16, 70, 48
for i, (lbl, val, col) in enumerate(bars):
y = sy + i * (bh + gap)
cv.create_text(
lw - 8, y + bh // 2, text=lbl,
font=F(9), fill=C.TEXT2, anchor="e",
)
bw = max(int((w - lw - rp) * val / mx), 6) if val else 6
_rrect(cv, lw, y + 2, lw + bw, y + bh - 2, r=6, fill=col, outline="")
cv.create_text(
lw + bw + 10, y + bh // 2, text=str(val),
font=F(10, bold=True), fill=C.TEXT, anchor="w",
)
def _fill_activity(self):
for w in self._act_frame.winfo_children():
w.destroy()
entries = self.db.history(8)
if not entries:
tk.Label(
self._act_frame, text="暂无动态",
bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT3, font=F(10),
).pack(pady=20)
return
acol = {
"新书入馆": C.PRIMARY, "借出": C.WARNING,
"归还": C.SUCCESS, "移除出馆": C.DANGER,
}
for e in entries:
row = tk.Frame(self._act_frame, bg=C.CARD)
row.pack(fill="x", pady=3)
tk.Label(
row, text="\u25cf", bg=C.CARD,
fg=acol.get(e.action, C.TEXT2), font=F(6),
).pack(side="left", padx=(0, 6))
tk.Label(
row, text=f"{e.action}\u2003《{e.book_title}》",
bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT, font=F(9),
).pack(side="left")
tk.Label(
row, text=e.timestamp[5:],
bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT3, font=F(8),
).pack(side="right")
def refresh(self):
s = self.db.stats()
self._c_total.set_value(s["total"])
self._c_avail.set_value(s["available"])
self._c_borr.set_value(s["borrowed"])
self._draw_chart()
self._fill_activity()
# ── Library View ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
class LibraryView(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, db: Database, app: "StrayLibrary") -> None:
super().__init__(parent, bg=C.BG)
self.db = db
self.app = app
self.books: list[Book] = []
self._filter = "all"
self._sort_col = "title"
self._sort_rev = False
self._build()
@staticmethod
def _pill(parent, text, bg, bg_hv, cmd, fg=C.WHITE):
lbl = tk.Label(
parent, text=text, bg=bg, fg=fg,
font=F(10), padx=14, pady=6, cursor="hand2",
)
lbl.bind("<Button-1>", lambda _: cmd())
lbl.bind("<Enter>", lambda _: lbl.configure(bg=bg_hv))
lbl.bind("<Leave>", lambda _: lbl.configure(bg=bg))
return lbl
def _build(self):
# ── header ──
hdr = tk.Frame(self, bg=C.BG)
hdr.pack(fill="x", padx=28, pady=(28, 0))
tk.Label(
hdr, text="图书馆", bg=C.BG, fg=C.TEXT, font=F(18, bold=True),
).pack(side="left")
self._pill(
hdr, "＋ 添加图书", C.PRIMARY, C.PRIMARY_HV, self.add_dialog,
).pack(side="right")
# ── search + filter ──
sf = tk.Frame(self, bg=C.BG)
sf.pack(fill="x", padx=28, pady=(16, 0))
sw = tk.Frame(
sf, bg=C.CARD,
highlightbackground=C.BORDER, highlightthickness=1,
)
sw.pack(side="left")
tk.Label(sw, text=" \U0001f50d", bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT3, font=F(9)).pack(
side="left", padx=(4, 2),
)
self._sv = tk.StringVar()
self._sv.trace_add("write", lambda *_: self.refresh())
self._se = tk.Entry(
sw, textvariable=self._sv, bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT,
font=F(10), relief="flat", width=22, insertbackground=C.TEXT,
)
self._se.pack(side="left", padx=(0, 8), pady=6, ipady=2)
self._tabs_f = tk.Frame(sf, bg=C.BG)
self._tabs_f.pack(side="left", padx=(16, 0))
self._tabs: dict[str, tk.Label] = {}
for key, txt in [("all", "全部"), ("available", "可借阅"),
("borrowed", "已借出")]:
lbl = tk.Label(
self._tabs_f, text=txt, bg=C.BG, fg=C.TEXT2,
font=F(10), padx=12, pady=6, cursor="hand2",
)
lbl.pack(side="left", padx=(0, 4))
lbl.bind("<Button-1>", lambda _, k=key: self._set_filter(k))
self._tabs[key] = lbl
# ── main = tree + detail ──
main = tk.Frame(self, bg=C.BG)
main.pack(fill="both", expand=True, padx=28, pady=(12, 28))
tc = tk.Frame(
main, bg=C.CARD,
highlightbackground=C.BORDER, highlightthickness=1,
)
tc.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True, padx=(0, 12))
cols = ("title", "author", "state")
self.tree = ttk.Treeview(
tc, columns=cols, show="headings", selectmode="browse",
)
for cid, txt, w, anc in [
("title", "书名", 160, "w"),
("author", "作者", 100, "center"),
("state", "状态", 60, "center"),
]:
self.tree.heading(cid, text=txt,
command=lambda c=cid: self._sort(c))
self.tree.column(cid, width=w, minwidth=50, anchor=anc)
self.tree.tag_configure("alt", background=C.ROW_ALT)
self.tree.tag_configure("borrowed", foreground=C.WARNING)
self.tree.bind("<<TreeviewSelect>>", lambda _: self._on_select())
self.tree.bind("<Double-1>", lambda _: self.edit_dialog())
tsb = ttk.Scrollbar(tc, orient="vertical", command=self.tree.yview)
self.tree.configure(yscrollcommand=tsb.set)
self.tree.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
tsb.pack(side="right", fill="y")
self._empty_lbl = tk.Label(
tc, text="没有找到匹配的图书",
bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT3, font=F(11),
)
# ── detail panel ──
dc = tk.Frame(
main, bg=C.CARD,
highlightbackground=C.BORDER, highlightthickness=1, width=240,
)
dc.pack(side="right", fill="y")
dc.pack_propagate(False)
self._d_placeholder = tk.Label(
dc, text="\u2190 选择一本书\n查看详情",
bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT3, font=F(11), justify="center",
)
self._d_content = tk.Frame(dc, bg=C.CARD, padx=16, pady=16)
self._d_title = tk.Label(
self._d_content, text="", bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT,
font=F(13, bold=True), wraplength=200, justify="left",
)
self._d_title.pack(anchor="w")
self._d_author = tk.Label(
self._d_content, text="", bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT2, font=F(10),
)
self._d_author.pack(anchor="w", pady=(4, 0))
self._d_state = tk.Label(
self._d_content, text="", bg=C.CARD, font=F(9), padx=8, pady=2,
)
self._d_state.pack(anchor="w", pady=(8, 0))
tk.Frame(self._d_content, bg=C.BORDER, height=1).pack(
fill="x", pady=12,
)
tk.Label(
self._d_content, text="推荐语",
bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT2, font=F(9),
).pack(anchor="w")
self._d_comment = tk.Label(
self._d_content, text="", bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT, font=F(10),
wraplength=200, justify="left",
)
self._d_comment.pack(anchor="w", pady=(4, 0), fill="x")
bf = tk.Frame(self._d_content, bg=C.CARD)
bf.pack(fill="x", side="bottom")
self._act_btn = tk.Label(
bf, text="借阅此书", bg=C.SUCCESS, fg=C.WHITE,
font=F(10), padx=14, pady=6, cursor="hand2",
)
self._act_btn.pack(fill="x", pady=(0, 6))
self._act_btn.bind("<Button-1>", lambda _: self._toggle_state())
self._pill(
bf, "编辑", C.BG, C.BORDER, self.edit_dialog, fg=C.TEXT,
).pack(fill="x", pady=(0, 6))
self._pill(
bf, "删除", C.DANGER_LT, C.DANGER_LT, self.delete_selected,
fg=C.DANGER,
).pack(fill="x")
self._show_placeholder(True)
# ── context menu ──
self._ctx = tk.Menu(self.tree, tearoff=0)
self._ctx.add_command(label="借阅 / 归还", command=self._toggle_state)
self._ctx.add_command(label="编辑", command=self.edit_dialog)
self._ctx.add_separator()
self._ctx.add_command(label="删除", command=self.delete_selected)
self.tree.bind("<Button-3>", self._show_ctx)
def _show_placeholder(self, show: bool):
if show:
self._d_content.pack_forget()
self._d_placeholder.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.45, anchor="center")
else:
self._d_placeholder.place_forget()
self._d_content.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
def _set_filter(self, key: str):
self._filter = key
self.refresh()
def _sort(self, col: str):
self._sort_rev = not self._sort_rev if self._sort_col == col else False
self._sort_col = col
self.refresh()
def refresh(self):
kw = self._sv.get().strip()
src = self.db.search_books(kw) if kw else self.db.all_books()
if self._filter == "available":
books = [b for b in src if b.state == "未借出"]
elif self._filter == "borrowed":
books = [b for b in src if b.state == "已借出"]
else:
books = list(src)
km = {
"title": lambda b: b.title,
"author": lambda b: b.author,
"state": lambda b: b.state,
}
books.sort(key=km.get(self._sort_col, km["title"]),
reverse=self._sort_rev)
self.books = books
self.tree.delete(*self.tree.get_children())
for i, b in enumerate(books):
tags = (["alt"] if i % 2 else []) + (
["borrowed"] if b.state == "已借出" else []
)
self.tree.insert(
"", "end", iid=str(b.id),
values=(b.title, b.author, b.state), tags=tags,
)
if books:
self._empty_lbl.place_forget()
else:
self._empty_lbl.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.5, anchor="center")
self._show_placeholder(True)
self._update_tabs(src)
def _update_tabs(self, src: list[Book]):
cnt = {
"all": len(src),
"available": sum(1 for b in src if b.state == "未借出"),
"borrowed": sum(1 for b in src if b.state == "已借出"),
}
names = {"all": "全部", "available": "可借阅", "borrowed": "已借出"}
for k, lbl in self._tabs.items():
lbl.configure(
text=f"{names[k]} ({cnt[k]})",
bg=C.PRIMARY if k == self._filter else C.BG,
fg=C.WHITE if k == self._filter else C.TEXT2,
)
def _selected(self) -> Book | None:
sel = self.tree.selection()
if not sel:
return None
bid = int(sel[0])
return next((b for b in self.books if b.id == bid), None)
def _on_select(self):
book = self._selected()
if not book:
self._show_placeholder(True)
return
self._show_placeholder(False)
self._d_title.configure(text=f"《{book.title}》")
self._d_author.configure(text=f"作者：{book.author}")
avail = book.state == "未借出"
self._d_state.configure(
text="\u25cf 可借阅" if avail else "\u25cf 已借出",
fg=C.SUCCESS if avail else C.WARNING,
bg=C.SUCCESS_LT if avail else C.WARNING_LT,
)
self._d_comment.configure(text=book.comment)
self._act_btn.configure(
text="借阅此书" if avail else "归还此书",
bg=C.SUCCESS if avail else C.WARNING,
)
def _reselect(self, bid: int):
self.refresh()
sid = str(bid)
if self.tree.exists(sid):
self.tree.selection_set(sid)
self.tree.focus(sid)
self._on_select()
def _toggle_state(self):
book = self._selected()
if not book:
self.app.toast.show("请先选择一本书", "warning")
return
if book.state == "未借出":
self.db.set_state(book.id, "已借出")
self.app.toast.show(
f"《{book.title}》借阅成功，借了不看会变胖噢～", "success",
)
else:
self.db.set_state(book.id, "未借出")
self.app.toast.show(
f"《{book.title}》已归还，感谢分享！", "success",
)
self._reselect(book.id)
def delete_selected(self):
book = self._selected()
if not book:
self.app.toast.show("请先选择一本书", "warning")
return
if messagebox.askyesno(
"确认删除",
f"确定要将《{book.title}》移出图书馆吗？\n此操作不可撤销。",
):
self.db.delete_book(book.id)
self.app.toast.show(f"《{book.title}》已移除", "info")
self.refresh()
def add_dialog(self):
self._book_dialog("添加图书")
def edit_dialog(self):
book = self._selected()
if not book:
self.app.toast.show("请先选择一本书", "warning")
return
self._book_dialog("编辑图书", book)
def _book_dialog(self, title: str, book: Book | None = None):
dlg = tk.Toplevel(self)
dlg.title(title)
dlg.transient(self.winfo_toplevel())
dlg.grab_set()
dlg.configure(bg=C.CARD)
dlg.resizable(False, False)
f = tk.Frame(dlg, bg=C.CARD, padx=24, pady=24)
f.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
tk.Label(
f, text=title, bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT, font=F(14, bold=True),
).grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="w", pady=(0, 16))
vars_: dict[str, tk.StringVar] = {}
for label, row in [("书名", 1), ("作者", 3)]:
tk.Label(
f, text=label, bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT2, font=F(9),
).grid(row=row, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="w", pady=(0, 2))
v = tk.StringVar()
tk.Entry(
f, textvariable=v, font=F(10), width=36, relief="solid",
bd=1, bg=C.CARD, insertbackground=C.TEXT,
).grid(
row=row + 1, column=0, columnspan=2,
sticky="ew", pady=(0, 12), ipady=4,
)
vars_[label] = v
if book:
vars_["书名"].set(book.title)
vars_["作者"].set(book.author)
tk.Label(
f, text="推荐语", bg=C.CARD, fg=C.TEXT2, font=F(9),
).grid(row=5, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="w", pady=(0, 2))
ct = tk.Text(
f, font=F(10), width=36, height=4, relief="solid",
bd=1, bg=C.CARD, insertbackground=C.TEXT, wrap="word",
)
ct.grid(row=6, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="ew", pady=(0, 16))
if book:
ct.insert("1.0", book.comment)
br = tk.Frame(f, bg=C.CARD)
br.grid(row=7, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="e")
def confirm():
t = vars_["书名"].get().strip()
a = vars_["作者"].get().strip()
cm = ct.get("1.0", "end").strip() or "暂无推荐语。"
if not t or not a:
self.app.toast.show("书名和作者不能为空", "warning")
return
if book:
self.db.update_book(book.id, t, a, cm)
self.app.toast.show(f"《{t}》已更新", "success")
dlg.destroy()
self._reselect(book.id)
else:
self.db.add_book(t, a, cm)
self.app.toast.show(f"《{t}》已入馆，欢迎新朋友！", "success")
dlg.destroy()
self.refresh()
self._pill(br, "取消", C.BG, C.BORDER, dlg.destroy, fg=C.TEXT).pack(
side="right", padx=(8, 0),
)
self._pill(
br, "确认" if book else "添加",
C.PRIMARY, C.PRIMARY_HV, confirm,
).pack(side="right")
def _show_ctx(self, ev):
iid = self.tree.identify_row(ev.y)
if iid:
self.tree.selection_set(iid)
self._on_select()
self._ctx.tk_popup(ev.x_root, ev.y_root)
def focus_search(self):
self._se.focus_set()
self._se.select_range(0, "end")
# ── History View ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
class HistoryView(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, db: Database, app: "StrayLibrary") -> None:
super().__init__(parent, bg=C.BG)
self.db = db
self._build()
def _build(self):
hdr = tk.Frame(self, bg=C.BG)
hdr.pack(fill="x", padx=28, pady=(28, 0))
tk.Label(
hdr, text="借阅记录", bg=C.BG, fg=C.TEXT, font=F(18, bold=True),
).pack(side="left")
card = tk.Frame(
self, bg=C.CARD,
highlightbackground=C.BORDER, highlightthickness=1,
)
card.pack(fill="both", expand=True, padx=28, pady=(16, 28))
cols = ("time", "book", "action")
self.tree = ttk.Treeview(
card, columns=cols, show="headings", selectmode="browse",
)
for cid, txt, w in [
("time", "时间", 160),
("book", "图书", 220),
("action", "操作", 80),
]:
self.tree.heading(cid, text=txt)
self.tree.column(
cid, width=w, anchor="center" if cid != "book" else "w",
)
self.tree.tag_configure("alt", background=C.ROW_ALT)
sb = ttk.Scrollbar(card, orient="vertical", command=self.tree.yview)
self.tree.configure(yscrollcommand=sb.set)
self.tree.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
sb.pack(side="right", fill="y")
def refresh(self):
self.tree.delete(*self.tree.get_children())
for i, e in enumerate(self.db.history(100)):
self.tree.insert(
"", "end",
values=(e.timestamp, e.book_title, e.action),
tags=("alt",) if i % 2 else (),
)
# ── Application Shell ────────────────────────────────────────────────
class StrayLibrary:
def __init__(self, root: tk.Tk) -> None:
self.root = root
self.db = Database()
self._setup()
self._build()
self._shortcuts()
self.navigate("dashboard")
def _setup(self):
w, h = 960, 580
x = (self.root.winfo_screenwidth() - w) // 2
y = (self.root.winfo_screenheight() - h) // 2
self.root.title("流浪图书馆 Stray Library")
self.root.geometry(f"{w}x{h}+{x}+{y}")
self.root.minsize(800, 500)
self.root.configure(bg=C.BG)
s = ttk.Style(self.root)
if "clam" in s.theme_names():
s.theme_use("clam")
s.configure(
"Treeview", font=F(10), rowheight=32,
background=C.CARD, fieldbackground=C.CARD,
foreground=C.TEXT, borderwidth=0,
)
s.configure(
"Treeview.Heading", font=F(9, bold=True),
background=C.BG, foreground=C.TEXT2,
borderwidth=0, relief="flat",
)
s.map(
"Treeview",
background=[("selected", C.PRIMARY)],
foreground=[("selected", C.WHITE)],
)
def _build(self):
self.sidebar = Sidebar(self.root, self.navigate)
self.sidebar.pack(side="left", fill="y")
self._content = tk.Frame(self.root, bg=C.BG)
self._content.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
self.toast = Toast(self._content)
self.views: dict[str, tk.Frame] = {
"dashboard": DashboardView(self._content, self.db, self),
"library": LibraryView(self._content, self.db, self),
"history": HistoryView(self._content, self.db, self),
}
def _shortcuts(self):
def _add():
self.navigate("library")
self.views["library"].add_dialog()
def _search():
self.navigate("library")
self.views["library"].focus_search()
self.root.bind("<Control-n>", lambda _: _add())
self.root.bind("<Control-f>", lambda _: _search())
self.root.bind(
"<Delete>",
lambda _: (
self.views["library"].delete_selected()
if self._cur == "library" else None
),
)
_cur = ""
def navigate(self, key: str):
if self._cur == key:
if hasattr(self.views[key], "refresh"):
self.views[key].refresh()
return
for v in self.views.values():
v.pack_forget()
self.views[key].pack(fill="both", expand=True)
if hasattr(self.views[key], "refresh"):
self.views[key].refresh()
self.sidebar.set_active(key)
self._cur = key
# ── Entry Point ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def gui_start() -> None:
root = tk.Tk()
StrayLibrary(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
gui_start()